Can babies and toddlers be vegan?
HEALTH
Short answer
Yes, with breastfeeding or a soy-based infant formula, plus attention to B12, DHA, iron, iodine, and vitamin D. Major dietetic associations endorse it.
HEALTH
The detail
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and British Dietetic Association state vegan diets are safe for infancy and childhood when appropriately planned. Rice milks are unsuitable as a primary milk before age 5 due to arsenic content; use fortified soy or pea-based infant formula.
Priorities beyond breastmilk/formula: B12 supplementation from 6 months, calcium and vitamin D via fortified foods, high-energy foods (nut butters, avocado, oil in cooking) to meet energy needs in a smaller gut, and algal DHA. Consult a pediatric dietitian.
Work closely with a pediatrician to monitor growth curves and ensure that energy-dense foods like tahini and avocado are included to meet high caloric needs. A 2020 study in Germany found that vegan children followed for one year showed normal growth and development comparable to omnivorous peers. Avoid 'homemade' formulas, which lack the precise balance of micro-nutrients required for an infant's developing brain and organs.
Source: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, J Acad Nutr Diet 2016
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