Swap matrix

Vegan swaps

One page per swap: what to buy, why it works in the kitchen, and how much carbon each change saves.

Swap matrix

Vegan swaps

Vegan alternatives to cow's milk−2.2 kg CO₂e

soya milk · oat milk · almond milk

Vegan alternatives to cheese−19 kg CO₂e

cashew cheese · nutritional yeast

Vegan alternatives to butter−9 kg CO₂e

plant butter · olive oil

Vegan alternatives to eggs−3.9 kg CO₂e

silken tofu · flax egg · aquafaba

Vegan alternatives to dairy yoghurt−1.9 kg CO₂e

coconut yoghurt · soya milk

Vegan alternatives to cream−5.4 kg CO₂e

oat cream

Vegan alternatives to dairy ice cream−4.1 kg CO₂e

frozen banana ice cream · coconut yoghurt

Vegan alternatives to condensed milk−4.8 kg CO₂e

oat cream · date syrup

Vegan alternatives to beef−58 kg CO₂e

lentils · black beans · walnuts

Vegan alternatives to beef−58 kg CO₂e

lentils · mushrooms · walnuts

Vegan alternatives to chicken−5.5 kg CO₂e

tofu · seitan · soy curls

Vegan alternatives to bacon−11 kg CO₂e

smoked tempeh · mushrooms

Vegan alternatives to pork−11 kg CO₂e

jackfruit · seitan

Vegan alternatives to lamb−38 kg CO₂e

chickpeas · seitan

Vegan alternatives to turkey−9 kg CO₂e

seitan · tofu

Vegan alternatives to duck−9 kg CO₂e

jackfruit · tofu

Vegan alternatives to fish−5 kg CO₂e

tofu · seaweed · jackfruit

Vegan alternatives to tuna−6.1 kg CO₂e

chickpeas · seaweed

Vegan alternatives to prawns−12 kg CO₂e

jackfruit · seaweed

Vegan alternatives to mayonnaise−2.4 kg CO₂e

vegan mayo · aquafaba

Vegan alternatives to leather−17 kg CO₂e

cork leather · hemp

Vegan alternatives to wool−21 kg CO₂e

organic cotton · hemp · bamboo viscose

Vegan alternatives to down feathers−4 kg CO₂e

recycled synthetic insulation

Vegan alternatives to silk−6 kg CO₂e

bamboo viscose · linen

Keep going

Is it vegan? →Vegan city guides →Side-by-side comparisons →

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