Vegan alternatives to beef
Swap matrix
Use these instead
lentils
black beans
walnuts
Why the swap works
It delivers comparable protein per serving, so meals stay just as filling.
The numbers
Swapping one kilo saves about 58 kg CO₂e. Do it once a week for a year and you avoid roughly 754 kg CO₂e — the same as driving a petrol car 3770 km.
Sources: Poore & Nemecek (Science, 2018), FAO, USDA FoodData Central, Mekonnen & Hoekstra (2011).
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